The Roles of Incretin Hormones for Diabetes Patients - Diabetes 22

Fig 01- Incretin hormone in the body (credit to Wiley Online Library)

We just mentioned little bit about Incretin Hormones in the previou post, How Lipotoxicity Relate to Diabetes? - Diabetes 6 | Tanza Erlambang Update

This hormone is created to trigger our body to respond to food intake. Our body has two kind of Incretin Hormones:

- GLP 1 (Glucagon Like Peptide 1)

- GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide)

When we are eating foods, our gut produce GLP 1 to stimulate beta cells in pancreas to produce insulin and our body to decrease appetite.

In case of appetite decreasing, there is involvement of the mechanisms of brain – gut responses. The responses include by increasing of energy expenditure.

Scientists may exploit this mechanism by designing specific drugs and foods to treat metabolic diseases and over weight people.

Other roles of GLP 1:

- influence gut motility

- inhibit secretion of gastric acid

- inhibit secretion of glucagon.

Fig 02- Bell peppers. Spicy vegetable

Fig 03- Cheese in the grocery. Illustration

In respect to diabetes, GLP 1 has several functions:

- inhibit releasing of post-prandial glucagon

- slow down the stomach emptying

- the most important is increasing insulin sensitivity.

We will discuss little bit about GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide) by next post.

Other diabetes relate posts:

- What is Hypoxia and How Its Relates to Diabetes? - Diabetes 7 | Tanza Erlambang Update

- Can Abnormal Blood Sugar Lead to Seizure? - Diabetes 8 | Tanza Erlambang Update

- Can Diabetic Ketone-acidosis Lead to Death? - Diabetes 9 | Tanza Erlambang Update

- Is there Relationship between Coffee and Type 2 Diabetes? - Diabetes 10 | Tanza Erlambang Update

- Could Green Tea Improve Insulin Sensitivity? - Diabetes 11 | Tanza Erlambang Update

An Affordable Battery for Electric Bicycle

The Alizeti 300c Battery.

We bike just for health purposes, usually on Saturday or Sunday, the distance less than 10 km (6.2 miles). Our bike is a traditional one.

Electrical bike (e-bike) could reach between 32 km (20 miles) to 200 km (124 miles), depend on battery sizes, with single charge:

- 500 watt could reach 60 km (37 mile)

- 3,000 watt will be ride up to 200 km (124 miles)

This type of bike (e-bike) is quite popular recently, especially for these customers:

1) Tourists

Tour operators in many tourists destinations around the globe, provide e-bike for tourists who enjoy cycling, but not have perfect fitness to up the hills and reach medium distance, around 60 km.

2) General public

Several advantages for general public, even without physical training to ride e-bike are:

- easy

- faster speed

- longer distances

- more functionality

- save time

Alizeti 300c is one of affordable batteries available in the market. The 500 watt battery can be installed in any e-bike. The price is US$ 580, quite reasonable.

Then, we might ride with speed of 32 km per hour (20 mile per hour) with 64 km (40 miles) distance.

Do you like to ride bike? Traditional or e-bike?

Homemade Face Masks to Combat Spread of Covid-19 – Virus 5

Sewing own face masks (credit to NBC Connecticut)

We might all knew that many hospitals are facing shortage of protective gears (health supplies) for health care workers or Covid-19 patients or general public across America.

Some of important supplies are:

- testing kits

- eye protection

- gloves

- gown

- face masks (surgical and N95 type respirator)

In case of face masks, these disposable items which cost less than 75 cents are ran out as well. Un-believable for rich country such as America.

One hospital may need 5,000 to 15,000 face masks: surgical face masks to patients and N95 respirators for medical workers.

Designs of homemade face masks (credit to Dr Monique Tello)

Luckily, sewing people (mom, nanny and kids) step up to supply the homemade face masks to hospital in many states.

You may ask a question: could homemade masks protect us from Covid-19?

Before answer this question, I posted article: Can Face Masks Contain Wuhan Coronavirus?

The commercial face masks, I quote from my own post: “The surgical mask is effective to block big droplets, but we may inhale very small droplets from the sides of filters.”

Moreover, “N95 respirator is able to block from 95% to 99% airborne pathogens, germs or virus. It is good for health care workers who handle Coronavirus patients (suspected or infected).”

The homemade face mask effectiveness is depend very much on the materials. The following material effectiveness to block 0.02 micron particles (less than Corona virus size):

- scarf is 49% effective

- silk is 54% effective

- linen is 62% effective

- cotton blend is 70% effective

- vacuum cleaner bag is 86% effective.

Thus, at least, homemade face masks are suitable to halt spreading of droplets from infected patients or preventing dispersion of coughing particles. 

When Will Vaccine for Covid-19 Available? - Virus 4

A vial of Vaccine, just for illustration only (credit to Nasdaq)

In simple way, we all might know that vaccine is an antigen from a particular virus, bacteria or other pathogen agents, injected into human bodies.

The main purpose is to train, boost, encourage and trigger our immune system to recognize, then to combat a pathogen, in this case let’s say Covid-19.

We might wonder: why is it so long to find the effective vaccine for Covid-19?

The answer is that long steps and processes must be followed from searching and selecting vaccine candidates until to be ready for mass productions.

Step 1: Finding and develop “candidate” vaccines by available techniques such as messenger RNA

Step 2: Testing to animal (model)

Step 3: Clinical trial to human being. Trials to small number of people

Step 4: Trial to more people. To find out how immune system responds to potential Covid-19

Step 5: More and more patients are tested in long term.

Step 6: Reviewed by relevant agencies such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US

Step 7: This is a final step. If FDA approves, then mass production for cure the Covid-19

It will take 12 to 18 months from step 1 to step 7, if everything goes well. Thus, almost certainly that we will have no “medicine” to combat Covid-19 in this cycle. 

A Hiker Gave Water to a Thirsty Wild Snake

A thirsty wild snake drinks water (credit to Newsflare)

When I was kid, I often saw a long small snake with green color either nearby or climbing coconut trees. Our family owned coconut and palm plantations.

As far as I remember, I never noticed that snakes drink water. I knew they catches mice and frogs.

Just recently, a hiker found a thirsty snake in drought palm areas, Thailand. Then, he gave water from a bottle. Look like the reptile drank joyfully. The touching moment.

The scientific name for snake is Gonyosoma oxycephalum with some common names:

- the red-tailed green ratsnake

- the red-tailed racer

- the arboreal ratsnake

- red-tailed Ratsnake

- red-tailed Green Climbing Ratsnake

The red-tailed green ratsnake as a pet (credit to Tumblr)

The habitat of red-tailed green ratsnake is South East Asian Countries such as:

- Laos

- Malaysia

- Indonesia

- Thailand

- Vietnam

- Philippines

- Myanmar

- Cambodia

This kind of snake is sold in pet shops both in America and European countries in recent years.

The snake is not dangerous and not aggressive, thus become popular as a pet in American households.

Have you seen this kind of snake in nature or pet shop?

Older, Men and Preexisting conditions are Vulnerable to Covid-19 – Virus 3

Graph 1. The older, the weaker.

The interesting facts that the most vulnerable groups to Coronavirus (Covid-19) are older, men and people with preexisting conditions.

In term of ages, the most vulnerable is 80 years old or more. Let’s say that from 100 death cases, almost 15 dead are 80 years old. However, all kids with age of 0 to 9 years old are survive.

The question then Why?

We might “guess” the answer is that immune system is weaker over age. The few facts:

- older has few white blood cells, and less capable to fight new pathogen such as mutant Covid-19.

- virus may damage white cells and immune system, then invites other pathogens. These conditions could cause illness, and death.

 Graph 2. Men more vulnerable than women

Men died more than women due to Covid-19 as shown on Graph 2. This fact not only to Covid-19, but also to SARS (China, 2003) and MERS (Saudi Arabia, 2012).

There are two possible answers why women are stronger than men to fight virus:

- women hormones support the stronger immune system

- environmental factors such as men are smoker than women; and men limit their practice to hygiene life such as not washing their hands frequently.

Graph 3. Chronic diseases contributed to dead of Covid-19 patients

The answer why people with preexisting conditions vulnerable to Covid-19 is quite similar to older condition in which their immune system is weaker.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients are target for respiratory infection pathogen such as Covid-19.

Finally, in my opinion that it is important to stay healthy to fight any diseases!

Why We Should Not Control the Future?

A Photo for Illustration only

Every people lived, living and will live in 3 different moments:

- past

- present

- future

Whatever we did, we can not erase it. The past may good or bad, and it could help our today and future live.

We are living right now should focus on the most relevant to us such as education, working, health and friendship.

We wish we could control our current living, unfortunately, we are not in completely charge of daily life. We face with fail and regret in many times.

How about with future? Why We Should Not Control the Future? The futures have some characteristics that are:

- unknown

- uncertain

- unsure outcomes

- unforeseen events

To control the future could results in disappoint, misery, fearful, no hope and worry. Thus, some experts suggest to enjoy of our life right now. We just able to plan our future with hope of good outcomes.

Are you happy with your current life?