Insulin
action on carbohydrate metabolism (credit to basicmedicalkey)
It
is fact that no different between diabetes patients and normal people
in term of body metabolism (rate).
So,
what is the different? Diabetes patients produce less insulin and the
insulin is less effective, hence reduce metabolism.
Metabolism
which relate to insulin effectiveness are:
-
Carbohydrate metabolisms
-
Lipid metabolisms
We
talk about carbohydrate metabolism in this post. Insulin drive the
rate of carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism differently in the various
tissues, cells or organs.
Three
important tissues or cells or organ are following:
1)
Adipose
tissue and muscle
2)
Liver
3)
Blood
Relationship
between insulin resistance to
adipose
tissue, skeletal muscle, and the liver
(credit
to Claria, J et
al,
2011)
Insulin
bring the glucose to enter into the adipose tissue and muscle. In
case, low or no insulin, there is useless or no glucose
transportation. Insulin causes cells to be able to take insulin
efficiently.
Abundance
of glucose in the blood could be stored in the liver by helping from
insulin. The process called as glycogen synthesis.
Insulin
able to decrease blood glucose level. Biologically, when glucose
level decrease in the blood, pancreas stop insulin secretion.
Finally,
without insulin, two things will happen:
-
since cells not able to absorb glucose, they use fatty acids as
alternative source of energy
-
Neurons will use glucose from glycogen which stored in the liver
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